Scientists Create First Pangenome of Asian Rice

Scientists have created the first-ever pangenome of Asian rice by analyzing 144 varieties using advanced HiFi sequencing.
This new genome map provides a broader genetic base, helping researchers design better rice cultivars with traits such as drought resistance, disease tolerance, and climate resilience.
The study highlights rice’s evolutionary roots in Or-IIIa wild rice, offering pathways to improve crop adaptation, yields, and food security, especially in vulnerable regions like India.

What is a Pangenome?

• A pangenome includes core genes (common to all varieties) and accessory genes (unique to specific strains).
• Unlike traditional reference genomes that show one version of a species, a pangenome offers a complete genetic picture.

Key Findings

• Sequenced using PacBio HiFi technology.

Contains 69,531 genes, of which,

• 28,907 are core genes.
• 13,728 are wild-rice-specific genes.
• Found 3.87 billion base pairs of genetic material not present in the earlier reference genome of O. sativa ssp japonica.
• About 20% of identified genes are exclusive to wild rice.

Significance of the Study

• Reinforces the hypothesis that all Asian cultivated rice originates from the Or-IIIa wild rice group.

Offers genetic diversity critical for,

• Disease resistance
• Climate resilience
• Improved yield and adaptation
• Can bridge gaps between wild and cultivated rice, giving breeders access to valuable genetic traits.