\u2713Monsoon in India has undergone several changes over the years, especially on account of climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2713A shift in the track of monsoon systems, like low pressure and depression travelling south of their position and flash floods are a result of this change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25cf Effect of climate change:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2713Intense and frequent extreme unprecedented rainfall over the places which once struggled to record even normal monsoon rains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2713Threat on food security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2713The IMD has clearly sighted that 2022 has seen the second highest extreme events since 1902.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25cf Reasons for rainfall variability:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2713Persistence of intense La Nina conditions,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2713Abnormal warming of East Indian Ocean<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2713Negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2713Southward movement of monsoon depressions and lows<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2713Pre-monsoon heating over the Himalayan region<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Excess and deficit rainfall<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713States such as Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and parts of Maharashtra have been recording excess rainfall this season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713These changes are believed to continue to propel extreme weather events over the entire South Asian region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Entire South Asia has been reporting a series of extreme weather events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Bangladesh, Pakistan and India have battled severe floods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713China is reeling under massive drought conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25cf Rice production:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713This year, the monsoon was potentially influenced by La Nina also \u2014 the cooler than usual Pacific conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713It impacted rice production which formed a significant share of more than 50% of total food grain production during this period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Due to southward movement of majors, Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh, which account for a third of the country\u2019s total rice production, have been highly deficit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25cf Impact of Uneven distribution of rain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Rise to pest attacks and diseases<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Impact on the quality of the grain<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Variation in the nutrition value<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Heat stress and affect on plant physiological processes<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Spikelet sterility, non-viable pollen and reduced grain quality<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Drought reduces plant transpiration rates<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Can cause leaf rolling and drying<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Reduction in leaf expansion rates and plant biomass<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25cf Conclusion:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Research indicates that monsoon became less frequent but more intense in India during the latter half of the 20th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713Scientists and food experts believe that a better rainfall scenario could have helped increase the harvest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2713However, India\u2019s rice producers and consumers are being affected negatively with these unprecedented changes which are also raising concerns over food security.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Climate change and Indian monsoon- \u2713Monsoon in India has undergone several changes over the years, especially on account of climate change. \u2713A shift in the track of monsoon systems, like low pressure and depression travelling south of their position and flash floods are a result of this change. \u25cf Effect of climate change: \u2713Intense and 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