October 2021

Geography Notes for UPSC

Relief of the Ocean Floor

The oceanic ridge is the site of frequent earthquakes. Volcanism is common in ocean ridges and it produces many relief features. Scattered over the entire sea floor are thousands of submerged volcanoes with sharp tops called seamounts. The oceans, unlike the continents, merge so naturally into one another that it is hard to demarcate them. […]

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Geography Notes for UPSC

Hydrological Cycle – Geography

Water is the only substance found at all three levels of the earth (surface, subsurface and atmosphere). The hydrological cycle is a process of circulation of a fluid through a system of a closed-loop. It happens due to the conservation of energy and momentum. This makes sure that water will always reach its lowest level,

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ONGC Recruitment

ONGC Recruitment 2021 – 313 Graduate Trainee Vacancy, Apply Online

Last Date: 12/10/2021. Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) has released an employment notification for the recruitment of 313 Graduate Trainee vacancies in Engineering & Geo-Sciences Disciplines at E1 Level through GATE-2020.  Name of Post No of posts AEE (Cementing)-Mechanical 6 2. Name of Post No of posts AEE (Cementing)- Petroleum 1 3. Name of Post No of posts AEE

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Geography Notes for UPSC

Climate change – Geography

Climate change is causing severe problems for plant and animal species around the globe. It is largely caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, which cause the atmosphere to retain more heat. Scientists are concerned about climate change because its effects are far-reaching. Animals are threatened by shifting climates, melting ice caps, rising sea levels,

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World Climate and Climate Change

Three broad approaches have been adopted for classifying climate. The first of the three approaches is the empirical classification used for over a century, which relies on simple monotonic functions of mean or maximum temperature, precipitation, or related variables to define climatic regions. Genetic classification attempts to organize climates according to their causes. Koeppen’s Scheme

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Geography Notes for UPSC

World Distribution of Rainfall

Rainfall refers to the one of water, which evaporates from the land and sea surface and falls again in the form of precipitation. Precipitation is defined as any form of water bodies such as frozen snow, hail, ice, etc., which fall from the sky; while the term ‘rainfall’ means all forms of water bodies condensing

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Geography Notes for UPSC

Types of Rainfall – Geography

Convectional rainfall or vapor-induced rainfall is caused by the rising of air caused due to its expansion from adiabatic cooling, resulting in the expulsion of moisture from the rising air. It is more commonly known as Steam-induced rain, especially if it is associated with a surface steam explosion. Such thunderstorms usually develop during short-lived temperature

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Geography Notes for UPSC

Precipitation – Geography

Precipitation is the process of continuous condensation in free air. The condensed particles grow in size and fall onto the earth’s surface. It rains due to the disruption of the temperature gradient and continuous condensation. The heat from the earth’s surface is incapable of entering into it, as a result of which rain clouds are

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Geography Notes for UPSC

Evaporation And Condensation

Evaporation is the phenomenon in which an individual substance is transformed into gas. It occurs in almost all cases in nature, but during this process, some latent heat is also released, which causes the transformation of water to occur in a continuous manner. Latent heat in vaporisation comes in many forms, but it primarily depends

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