October 2021

The exogenic forces include climatic, erosional and depositional agents which work on the earth’s surface. Climatic agencies such as heat, rain and wind which work through seepage and motion of air to dissolve, disintegrate and dislodge the materials. The phenomenon of wearing down of relief variations of the surface of the earth through erosion is […]

The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. However, the terms used to identify the three types of rocks and their corresponding processes may be somewhat confusing. So, here we’ll define these three different geological processes and explain

A rock is any naturally occurring solid mass of mineral matter. It may be solidified molten magma or sediments, but it most commonly consists of minerals. Rock may be hard or soft and in varied colours. For example, granite is hard, soapstone is soft. Petrology is the science of rocks. Rocks are usually grouped into

Several non-metallic mineral deposits are covered by this survey, including stone quarries/clay and sand pits; chemical and fertiliser mineral deposits; salt deposits; and deposits of quartz, gypsum, natural gem stones, asphalt and bitumen, peat and other non-metallic minerals other than coal and petroleum. These minerals do not contain metal content. Sulphur, phosphates and nitrates are

There are huge amounts of metallic minerals discovered every year. This is because many of the deposits are quite common, including sulfide deposits (pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, etc.) and oxide deposits (uranium, bauxite). Metallic minerals were formed originally during the formation years of our planet through the transmutation of nebular gases into various types of

The earth crust which is the outer solid shell of the earth belongs to the rocky soils. These soils are composed of inorganic solids, that is compounds that do not depend on the presence of living organisms for existence. Minerals are also inorganic solids but they differ from rocks in their arrangements. About 98 percent

Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a chemical composition that is fixed. Solids are called minerals when they are in their pure, natural state. Minerals are found in the earth’s crust, either in pure or impure form, or they exist in seawater or underground water. Feldspar Half of the earth’s crust is composed of

The Indian plate includes Peninsular India and the Australian continental portions. The subduction zone along the Himalayas forms the northern plate boundary in the form of continent-continent convergence. In the east, it extends through the Rakinyoma Mountains of Myanmar towards the island arc along the Java Trench. The eastern margin is a spreading site lying

The mobile rock beneath the rigid plates is believed to be moving in a circular manner. This cycle is repeated over and over to generate what scientists call a convection cell or connective flow. Arthur Holmes first considered this idea in the 1930s, which later influenced Harry Hess’ thinking about seafloor spreading. The slow movement