GATE

Q. Which one of the following is catabolized during endogenous metabolism in a batch bacterial cultivation? (A) internal reserves (B) extracellular substrates (C) extracellular products (D) toxic substrates Ans: internal reserves Solution: During endogenous metabolism in a batch bacterial cultivation, internal reserves are catabolized. Endogenous metabolism occurs when the extracellular substrates in the culture medium […]

Q. Which one of the following can NOT be a limiting substrate if Monod’s growth kinetics is applicable? (A) Extracellular carbon source (B) Extracellular nitrogen source (C) Dissolved oxygen (D) Intracellular carbon source Ans: Intracellular carbon source Solution: In Monod’s growth kinetics, the rate of microbial growth is described by the Monod equation, which considers

Q. Which one of the following statements is CORRECT for enzyme catalyzed reactions? (𝛥𝐺 is Gibbs free energy change, 𝐾𝑒𝑞 is equilibrium constant) (A) Enzymes affect 𝛥𝐺, but not 𝐾𝑒𝑞 (B) Enzymes affect 𝐾𝑒𝑞, but not 𝛥𝐺 (C) Enzymes affect both 𝛥𝐺 and 𝐾𝑒𝑞 (D) Enzymes do not affect 𝛥𝐺 or 𝐾𝑒𝑞 Ans: Enzymes affect

Q. A mutation in a gene that codes for a polypeptide results in a variant polypeptide that lacks the last three amino acids. What type of mutation is this? (A) Synonymous mutation (B) Nonsense mutation (C) Missense mutation (D) Silent mutation Ans: Nonsense mutation Solution: A nonsense mutation is a type of mutation in which

Q. Which one of the following is NOT a part of the human nonspecific defense system? (A) Interferon (B) Mucous (C) Saliva (D) Antibody Ans: Antibody Solution: Antibody is NOT a part of the human nonspecific defense system. Antibodies are a component of the adaptive immune system, which is a specific defense system that targets

Q. Which one of the following techniques can be used to compare the expression of a large number of genes in two biological samples in a single experiment? (A) Polymerase chain reaction (B) DNA microarray (C) Northern hybridization (D) Southern hybridization Ans: DNA microarray Solution: (B) DNA microarray DNA microarray is the technique that can

Q. DNA synthesis in eukaryotes occurs during which phase of the mitotic cell cycle? (A) M (B) G1 (C) S (D) G0 Ans: S Solution: (C) S DNA synthesis in eukaryotes occurs during the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. The cell cycle consists of several phases, including G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2

Q. Which one of the following enzymes is encoded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome? (A) Reverse transcriptase (B) Phospholipase (C) Phosphatase (D) ATP synthase Ans: Reverse transcriptase Solution: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) encodes the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase is a crucial enzyme used by HIV to convert its single-stranded RNA genome into double-stranded

Q. Which one of the following is a database of protein sequence motifs? (A) PROSITE (B) TrEMBL (C) SWISSPROT (D) PDB Ans: PROSITE Solution: PROSITE is a database of protein sequence motifs. It is a resource used for the identification and classification of conserved protein domains, motifs, and functional sites in proteins. PROSITE entries are

Q. Which one of the following is used as a pH indicator in animal cell culture medium? (A) Acridine orange (B) Phenol red (C) Bromophenol blue (D) Coomassie blue Ans: Phenol red