Geography Notes for UPSC

Ecology – Life on the Earth

Ecology is the study of the earth as a ‘household’, or ‘household’. It is supposed to include plants, animals and microorganisms. They all live together as interdependent components. Ecology can be described as one of the largest sciences that tries to understand complex nature of the world. Ecology is the study or” the earth as

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Geography Notes for UPSC

Life on the Earth – Geography

The biosphere includes all the living components of the earth. It consists of all plants and animals, including all the micro-organisms that live on the planet earth and their interactions with the surrounding environment. The biosphere can be subdivided into a number of biogeochemical zones based on factors such as soil composition, atmospheric content, temperature,

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Geography Notes for UPSC

Movements of Ocean Water

The ocean is a huge reservoir of water that is in constant motion. It has two primary motions, horizontal and vertical. The primary horizontal motion in the ocean occurs in a counter-clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and a clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The secondary motion in vertical in nature and is called tides.

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Geography Notes for UPSC

Vertical Distribution of Salinity

The distribution of salinity depends upon the amount of evaporation as well as the position of the water bodies. Solar energy has a major role to play in evaporation. Water bodies located near the equator have a much greater salinity compared to those located near the poles. Additionally, there is much difference in salinity with

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Geography Notes for UPSC

Horizontal Distribution of Salinity

Salinity is the state of the water in terms of salts. The higher the salinity, the more salt content there is in water. It may be defined differently based on various parameters like temperature, specific gravity, pressure, etc. Saline drainage is saline water that drains into an area or region. The term “saline groundwater” refers

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