Chemical weathering of rocks is largely responsible for the creation of soil. Along with physical disintegration of rocks, chemical processes involve the breakdown of minerals by acids of various kinds. Weathering transforms a proportion of solid particles into clay and water-soluble forms of minerals, leaving a mixture that has a smaller proportion of solids. Water […]

By definition, weathering is the disintegration of rocks through chemical and physical processes. There are several ways in which this can occur including, but not limited to, frost shattering, thermal stress cracking, freeze-thaw cycling, chemical attack (liquids), salt attack (presence of chloride), action of acid rain and human factors. This separation occurs through the mechanical

The patterns of geomorphic processes are determined by the exogenic and endogenic forces, will differ according to the changes in climate, geography, morphology, lithology, terrain both natural and anthropogenic activities. Endogenic Processes The term endogenic describes the energy radiating from within the earth that is responsible for shaping Earth’s geomorphic features. Endogenic processes or endogenesis

The exogenic forces include climatic, erosional and depositional agents which work on the earth’s surface. Climatic agencies such as heat, rain and wind which work through seepage and motion of air to dissolve, disintegrate and dislodge the materials. The phenomenon of wearing down of relief variations of the surface of the earth through erosion is

The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. However, the terms used to identify the three types of rocks and their corresponding processes may be somewhat confusing. So, here we’ll define these three different geological processes and explain

A rock is any naturally occurring solid mass of mineral matter. It may be solidified molten magma or sediments, but it most commonly consists of minerals. Rock may be hard or soft and in varied colours. For example, granite is hard, soapstone is soft. Petrology is the science of rocks. Rocks are usually grouped into

Several non-metallic mineral deposits are covered by this survey, including stone quarries/clay and sand pits; chemical and fertiliser mineral deposits; salt deposits; and deposits of quartz, gypsum, natural gem stones, asphalt and bitumen, peat and other non-metallic minerals other than coal and petroleum. These minerals do not contain metal content. Sulphur, phosphates and nitrates are

There are huge amounts of metallic minerals discovered every year. This is because many of the deposits are quite common, including sulfide deposits (pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, etc.) and oxide deposits (uranium, bauxite). Metallic minerals were formed originally during the formation years of our planet through the transmutation of nebular gases into various types of

The earth crust which is the outer solid shell of the earth belongs to the rocky soils. These soils are composed of inorganic solids, that is compounds that do not depend on the presence of living organisms for existence. Minerals are also inorganic solids but they differ from rocks in their arrangements. About 98 percent