Q. Consider a Michelson interferometer as shown in the figure below. When the wavelength of the laser light source is switched from 400 nanometer to 500 nanometer, it is observed that the intensity measured at the output port P goes from a minimum to a maximum. This observation is possible when the smallest path difference

Q. A signal 𝑥(𝑡) has a bandwidth 2𝐵 about a carrier frequency of 𝑓𝑐 = 2 GHz as shown in Figure (a) below. In order to demodulate this signal, it is first mixed (multiplied) with a local oscillator of frequency 𝑓𝐿𝑂 = 1.5 GHz, and then passed through an ideal low-pass filter (LPF) with a

Q. In a microprocessor with a 16 bit address bus, the most significant address lines A15 to A12 are used to select a 4096 word memory unit, while lines A0 to A11 are used to address a particular word in the memory unit. If the 3 least significant lines of the address bus A0 to

Q. The parallel resistance-capacitance bridge shown below has a standard capacitance value of C1=0.1µF and a resistance value of R3=10 kΩ. The bridge is balanced at a supply frequency of 100 Hz for R1=375 kΩ, R3=10 kΩ and R4=14.7 kΩ. The value of the dissipation factor 𝐷 = 1/(𝜔𝑅𝑝𝐶𝑝) of the parallel combination of 𝐶𝑝

Q. In the circuit shown below, all OPAMPS are ideal. The current 𝐼 = 0 A when the resistance 𝑅 =________________𝑘Ω. Ans: 9 – 9.1 Sol:

Q. In the circuit shown below, all transistors are n-channel enhancement mode MOSFETs. They are identical and are biased to operate in saturation mode. Ignoring channel length modulation, the output voltage Vout is __________. Ans: 4 Sol: By using the current mirror concept current flow in 4 kΩ branch will be 1 mA.