Q. In the circuit shown, the breakdown voltage and the maximum current of the Zener diode are 20 V and 60 mA, respectively. The values of 𝑅1 and 𝑅𝐿 are 200 Ω and 1 kΩ, respectively. What is the range of Vi that will maintain the Zener diode in the ‘on’ state? Ans: 24 V […]

Q. Two identical copper wires W1 and W2, placed in parallel as shown in the figure, carry currents I and 2I, respectively, in opposite directions. If the two wires are separated by a distance of 4r, then the magnitude of the magnetic field ⃗B→ between the wires at a distance r from W1 is Solution:

Q. A single bit, equally likely to be 0 and 1, is to be sent across an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with power spectral density 𝑁0/2. Binary signaling, with 0 ↦ 𝑝(𝑡) and 1 ↦ 𝑞(𝑡), is used for the transmission, along with an optimal receiver that minimizes the bit-error probability. Let 𝜑1(𝑡),

Q. In the circuit shown, if 𝑣(𝑡) = 2 sin(1000 𝑡) volts, 𝑅 = 1 kΩ and 𝐶 = 1 𝜇F, then the steady-state current 𝑖(𝑡), in milliamperes (mA), is (A) sin(1000 𝑡) +   cos(1000 𝑡) (B) 2 sin(1000 𝑡) + 2 cos(1000 𝑡) (C) 3 sin(1000 𝑡) + cos(1000 𝑡) (D) sin(1000 𝑡) +

Q. Consider the line integral ∫(𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥) 𝐶 the integral being taken in a counterclockwise direction over the closed curve 𝐶 that forms the boundary of the region 𝑅 shown in the figure below. The region 𝑅 is the area enclosed by the union of a 2 × 3 rectangle and a semi-circle of

Q. In the circuit shown, the clock frequency, i.e., the frequency of the Clk signal, is 12 kHz. The frequency of the signal at Q2 is_______kHz. Ans: 4 Solution: let Initial states be Q1 = Q2 = 0