Assam has a significant biodiversity; it has numerous species and mammals, including the one horned rhinoceros, tiger, and elephant to a vast variety of birds, reptiles, various fish, etc. Here is a information of some of the species in Assam.
Mammals:
- Large Carnivores- Tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, golden cat, fishing cat
- Primate- Hoolock gibbon (only ape in India), golden langur, capped langur, rhesus macaque, pig-tailed macaque, stump-tailed macaque, Assamese macaque.
- Other Mammals- One horned rhinoceros, wild water buffalo, pygmy hog, hispid hare, Indian civet, giant squirrel, wild pig, sambar, and barking deer.
- Endangered species- pygmy hog, golden langur and hoolock gibbon.
- Other- Binturong, marbled cat, spotted linsang, crab-eating mongoose, ferret badger, hog badger, hoary bamboo rat and bay bamboo rat.
Birds: - Common Birds- white winged wood duck, great pied hornbill, wreathed hornbill, black stork, blue-bearded bee-eaters.
- Other Birds- lesser Adjutant Stork, White-backed Vulture, White cheeked Hill Partridge, Khaleej Pheasant, Grey Peacock-Pheasant, Rufus necked Hornbill, Beautiful Nuthatch, Black-browed Leaf Wabler, Green Imperial Pigeon, Purple wood or Pale capped Pigeon.
- Important Bird area (IBA)- One of significant IBAs and with more than382 species of birds in Assam.
Reptiles: - Common Reptiles- Indian python, common monitor lizard, Indian tent turtle and Indian cobra.
- Other Reptiles- Rock python, King cobra, Asian leaf turtle.
Fishes: - Freshwater Fish: Assam possesses the richest diversity of freshwater fish with 185 fish species recorded.
- Ornamental Fish: Colisa, Nemacheilus, Danio, Botia, and Chaca.
- Important fish species cumulatively harvested for consumption: Rohu, Ktla, Pabha, Pabda, Chital, Magur, Singi, and Sol.
Other Fauna: - Gangetic Dolphin: Known to be abundant in Brahmaputra and Barak river systems.
- Orchids: Assam is also known for many species of orchids, with 293 species recorded.
- Bamboo: Assam has recorded 38 naturally growing species of bamboo.
- Cane: Calamus flagellum, Calamus floribunadus, and Calamus latifolius cane species are found throughout Assam.
- Vulnerable Species: Some species are only limited to isolated pockets or protected areas, such as one-horned rhinoceros, water buffalo, pygmy hog, swamp deer, golden langur, and hoolock gibbon.
