Geography Notes

The heating and cooling of the atmosphere is a regular process. All objects which get heated up by insolation get cooled down after some time. The earth being a part of the solar system also gets heated up by insolation from the sun. This warming process does not remain uniform, there are different ways in […]

Solar radiation is radiant energy emitted by the sun from a nuclear fusion reaction that creates electromagnetic energy. That is true, but what most do not understand is the amazing amount of information the radiation contains. Information such as location, object type, and shape can all be obtained from measuring radiated energy intensity patterns. As

The atmosphere is a complex gaseous structure around our planet. It serves many purposes, such as creating the wind, lightening and precipitation. The atmosphere can be divided into five layers based on temperature. These layers are named troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and finally the exosphere. The column of atmosphere is divided into five different layers

The composition of atmosphere is made up of different gases which surrounds the earth. Two important gases nitrogen and oxygen together are found on the 99% part of the atmosphere. The other components includes carbon dioxide, argon, carbon monoxide, neon, helium and various other gases. Gases The composition of the atmosphere is very important when

Erosional landforms are formed through a variety of erosional processes including weathering, decay, chemical reactions, and water. Erosion occurs when surface material is removed from the Earth’s surface by any natural process. Pediments and Pediplains Gently inclined rocky floors close to the mountains at their foot with or without a thin cover of debris, are

Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the air by the Sun, the irregularities of the Earth’s surface, and rotation of the Earth. The desert floors get heated up too much and too quickly because of being dry and barren. The heated floors heat up the air directly above them and result in upward

Landforms are formed by vast quantities of sand, gravel and debris which are carried by water. Depositional landforms include beaches, spits and bars. These three form during two different depositional processes. Beaches form as water carrying sediment comes to rest at the coastline; however, spits and bars (which are very similar) form due to sediment

Generally, the caves that extend into the cliff beyond the level of highest high tides are called sea caves. The sea caves can be classified as overhanging and underhanging caves, the former being those whose roofs overlie than their openings and the latter being those whose roof and opening line up. Sea caves are formed

There are different types of coasts which are defined by the type of bedrock. Low sedimentary coasts are ones which are formed over plain sedimentary rocks. The coasts are usually smooth with occasional incursions of water in the form of lagoons and tidal creeks. Low sedimentary coasts may have a few scattered islands that have

Coasts, waves break with great force against the land shaping the hill sides into cliffs. Rocky coasts are found in high mountainous regions where steep hills plunge directly into the sea. Along the high rocky coasts, the rivers appear to have been drowned with highly irregular coastline. The coastline appears highly indented with extension of