Sher Shah Sur emperor of north India in the Islamic Sur (Afghan) dynasty of 1540–57 who organized a long-lived bureaucracy responsible to the ruler and created a carefully calculated revenue system. For the first time during the Islamic conquest the relationship between the people and the ruler ...

The founder of the Sur dynasty was Sher Shah, whose original name was Farid. He was the son of Hasan Khan, a jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar. Sher Shah waged extensive wars with the Rajputs and expanded his empire. His conquests include Punjab, Malwa, Sind, Multan and Bundelkhand. His empire ...

Humayun was not a soldier like his father Babur. He was faced with the problems of a weak financial system and the predatory Afghans. Bahadur Shah, the ruler of Gujarat, also posed a great threat. Humayun’s brother Kamran who was in-charge of Kabul and Kandahar extended his authority up to ...

Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India and the first Mughal emperor. His name Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur is popularly known as Babur. He was also a great warrior, scholar and enlightened ruler. He was related to Timur from his father's side and to Chengiz Khan through his mother ...

The Bahmani kingdom was a medieval Muslim empire established in the Deccan region of India by a breakaway faction of the Delhi Sultans, who ruled in 1347. The power of the Bahmani kingdom reached its peak under the rule of Muhammad Shah III. It extended from the Arabian sea to the Bay of ...

The architecture of the Vijayanagara empire highlighted the most important characteristics of the empire. It is said that the construction of tall Rayagopurams or gateways or Kalyanamandapam with carved pillars played a key role in the art and architecture of this great empire. The horse was ...

Numerous inscriptions, literary sources, archaeology and numismatics, the average empire of the successive Vijayanagar kingdom was among the richest in the world. The early Muslim writers speak of its affluence and grandeur. According to Nicolo Conti, “The circumference of the city ...

The rulers of Vijayanagar were the followers of Vishnu but they followed a policy of religious toleration towards all. A study of the relevant material shows that women occupied a high position in society. They took part in the political, social and literary life of the country. Allasani ...

The Bahamani administration was modelled in the Islamic pattern The king was the supreme power in the state, he was the ruler, judge, administrator, military leader, sometimes even his own authority. His duties were all embracing, he was regarded as the shadow of god on earth. The external ...

The Vijayanagar Empire was founded in 1336 by Harihara and Bukka of the Sangama dynasty, who were serving the Kakatiya ruler of Warangal, Prataparudra II. In 1323, the Muslim conquest of Kakatiya kingdom led the brothers go to kingdom of Kampili and they became the ministers there. Then they ...