Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine, which utilizes a related virus known as vaccinia to guard against smallpox, a disease that has been eradicated. The two main vaccines currently in use are ACAM2000 and Jynneos (Imvamune/Imvanex). ACAM2000 contains a live but less dangerous virus, whereas Jynneos features a much weaker strain.
Vaccinia Virus: The smallpox vaccine is based on the vaccinia virus, which is closely related to the variola virus—the one that causes smallpox.
Edward Jenner’s Discovery: Back in 1796, Edward Jenner noticed that milkmaids who had gotten cowpox seemed to be immune to smallpox. This observation led him to create the first effective vaccine by inoculating people with cowpox to ward off smallpox.
Vaccine Types:
• ACAM2000: This vaccine contains a live vaccinia virus that resembles smallpox but is less dangerous.
• Jynneos (Imvamune/Imvanex): This one uses a modified strain of the vaccinia virus called modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), which is much weaker and safer than ACAM2000. Administration: To administer the smallpox vaccine, the skin is punctured several times with a bifurcated needle that holds a tiny amount of the vaccine.
Current Status: Even though smallpox has been wiped out, vaccines are still on hand for potential outbreaks or for those at risk.
Safety: The smallpox vaccine is generally safe, but like any medical treatment, it can have side effects, and some people might experience reactions that range from mild to severe.
Who Needs it?:
Anyone who has been directly exposed to smallpox would be offered the vaccine, as the dangers of contracting smallpox far outweigh the risks associated with the vaccine.
History: The smallpox vaccine was the first successful vaccine ever created, and it played a vital role in eradicating smallpox.