Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission, known commonly as HPPSC, is a government agency and topmost constitutional body of Government of Himachal Pradesh. Here is a detailed syllabus for HPAS Main Exam Optional Paper Physics.
Optional Paper – Physics
PAPER-I
- MECHANICS: Newton’s laws of motion, symmetries & conservation laws. Motion of rigid bodies: Coriolis force, Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, artificial satellites and their types equation of motion under central force, equation or orbit and turning point.
Relativistic mechanics: Michelson Morley experiment, Galilean Transformation,
Relativity of mass, length and time, relativistic momentum, velocity addition & Doppler effect, mass-energy equivalence. Fluid motion, Bernoullie’s theorem Circulation, Reynold’s number. Turbulence, viscosity, Surface tension. Elastic and inelastic collision in laboratory and centre of mass coordinate systems, Rutherford scattering.
- THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS: Perfect gas. Vander Waal’s equation. Laws of thermodynamics and their applications: Carnot’s cycle, carnot’s heat engine, refrigerators and heat pumps, Entropy and its significance. Production and measurements of low temperatures. Statistical Physics: Phase space, microstates and macrostates.
Boltzmann’s law of entropy. Fermi Dirac and Bose.-Einstein distribution laws. Black body radiations, Thermal ionization. Elements of irreversible thermodynamics. Solar energy and its utilization as alternative source of energy.
- WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS: Simple and damped Harmonic motion & its characteristics. Composition of two of S.H.M’s. Lissajous figures, Oscillations with one and two degrees of freedom, forced vibrations, resonance. Wave motion, phase and group velocity. Coupled oscillators, standing waves on a string of fixed length, energy of a vibrating string.
- PHYSICAL OPTICS: Huygen’s Principle, reflection and refraction on the basis wave theory, Interference: Young’s double slit experiment, Fresnel biprism, diffraction: Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit, double slit, diffraction grating and its resolving and dispersive power. Polarization of waves: Brewsters laws, double refraction, half wave and quarter wave plates. Multiple beam interference Geometrical Optics E.M. Wave equation, Fresnel’s formula. Normal and anomalous dispersion Optical instruments and their magnification & resolving power.
- LASERS: Laser principle, spontaneous & stimulated emission, population inversion, three & four level schemes of laser action, characteristics and applications of Lasers, He- Ne, ruby and semiconductor lasers. Pulsed lasers and tunable lasers, spatial coherence and directionality, estimate of beam intensity. Fibre optics and optical fibre communication.
PAPER-II
- ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISTM: Gauss Law, Kirchoff’s laws and their applications, Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations and their simple applications, Dielectric and Polarization. Capacitors. Dia para and ferro magnetic materials. Biot & Savarts Law, Ampere’s law and their applications. Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction self and mutual induction. Alternating currents, LCR circuits, concept of displacement current,
Maxwell’s equations (differentials and integral form both), Electromagnetic wave equations.
- QUANTUM MECHANICS & ATOMIC PHYSICS: Wave particle duality, DavissonGermer experiment, uncertainty principle and its applications, postulates of quantum mechanics, operators in quantum mechanics. Schrodinger wave equation and its simple applications: particle in box, harmonic oscillator, infinite potential barrier and finite potential barrier tunnel effect, hydrogen atom as a central force system Bohr’s theory, Electron spin, Lande’s g factor, Pauli’s principle. Zeeman effect. Stark effect. Stern Garlach experiments, Frank Hertz experiment. Photoelectric effect. Elements of X-Ray spectra. Compton scattering. Molecular spectra, spectrum of many electron systems, Raman effect and its experimental observation, continuous, line and band spectra.
- NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS: Basic properties: Size, Shape, charge distributions binding energy, semi empirical mass formula, Nuclear forces, Liquid drop model & shell model, radio activity, mechanism and decay, properties of neutrons, nuclear fission and reactors, nuclear fusion, stellar energy, cosmic ray showers. Pair production. Particle accelerators and detection, Simple properties of elementary particles, symmetry in physical laws. Concept of quarks, Unification of fundamental forces (elementary ideas).
- SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS: Fundamentals crystal structure, Bragg’s law experimental arrangements, lave pattern, lane equation, atomic scattering factor, geometrical structure factor, crystal bonding, vibrations of one dimensional monatomic chain, concept of phonons, Einstein and Debye’s Model of specific of solids. Free electron gas model of methods Kroning Penny model, Brillounin zones, energy bands, effective mass, Semiconductors and their types, Band structure of metals and semi conductors.
- ELECTRONICS: Doped semiconductors, p-n diode, its characteristics and applications, rectification, transistors characteristics and application as amplifier, oscillator, BJT, FET’S and MOSFETS, Digital MOSFET Circuits, Digital electronics: Boolean Algebra basics and combinational logic gates truth tables, de- Morgan’s theorems. Basic idea of modulation and detection of r.f. wave. Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computers (elementary ideas).
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