On 24 April, India celebrates the anniversary of Kesavananda Bharati judgment, enunciating the doctrine of basic structure.
The basic structure doctrine recognizes that even a government that possesses full powers has certain 'basic structures' which it cannot completely abrogate or set aside even if a particular power is transferred to another independent agency or department.
For instance, if the constituent assembly of a new sovereign state were to pass a law which empowered some officials to replace others with the stroke of a pen, the basic structure doctrine would ensure that no act of abrogation would invalidate the transfer even if the new position could not be regarded as having been established in accordance with the will of the people as expressed through their freely expressed elected representatives.
The main purpose of the doctrine is to prevent the deprivation of liberty for debtors without providing adequate remedy and adequate grounds for doing so.
The basic structure doctrine protects fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian Constitution that cannot be denied by the state on the ground that they are gained by acquisition or maintenance of a certain economic status.
The doctrine has been successfully challenged by governments in several instances on the ground that it amounts to a restrictive view of property rights and affords too much power to the state.
The concept of the basic structure of the constitution evolved over time. In this section, we shall discuss this evolution with the help of some landmark judgement related to this doctrine.
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