Biochemical Basis of Sports Performance Quiz | Biochemical Basis of Sports Performance Short Questions & Answers
Questions
41
Which of the following releases most energy when completely oxidised in the body?
Answer: one gram of palmitic acid
42
The þ-oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14CO2H:
Answer: yields 8 molecules of acetyl-CoA and some ATP and water
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43
Fatty acids are transported into the mitochondria bound to
Answer: carnitine
44
Most of the free fatty acids are transported in the blood:
Answer: bound to albumin
45
The process of breaking down triacylglycerol into free fatty acids and glycerol is called:
Answer: lipolysis
46
The major source of carbohydrate in a typical Western diet is:
Answer: starch
47
The synthesis of glucose from lactate, glycerol, or amino acids is called:
Answer: gluconeogenesis
48
Aerobic resynthesis of ATP occurs:
Answer: in the mitochondria in a process called oxidative phosphorylation
49
Glucose enters muscle cells mostly by:
Answer: facilitated diffusion using a specific glucose transporter
50
Embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion are:
Answer: the components of the electron transport chain
51
Sodium bicarbonate ingestion improves middle distance running performance by:
Answer: elevating the pH and buffering capacity of the extracellular fluid allowing a faster efflux of hydrogen ions from muscle
52
The low intake of carbohydrate in the diet:
Answer: may impair high intensity exercise performance
53
The rate of blood lactate accumulation is determined by:
Answer: the difference between the rate of lactate appearance and the rate of lactate clearance
54
Approximately how many kJ of energy are expended if an athlete’s steady-rate oxygen uptake averages 3.0 l/min for 5 minutes of exercise?
Answer: 300 kJ
55
Which of the following generates free glucose during the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen in skeletal muscle?
Answer: α-1-6-amyloglucosidase
56
Muscle lactate production increases when:
Answer: glycolysis is activated at the onset of exercise
57
When branched chain amino acids are deaminated in muscle, the ammonia produced is mostly:
Answer: converted into alanine and glutamine and released from the muscle
58
Which of the following promotes glucose and amino acid uptake by muscle?
Answer: insulin
59
During exercise, adrenaline secretion from the adrenal glands is stimulated by:
Answer: increased sympathetic nerve activity
60
Within the inner matrix of the mitochondrion are:
Answer: the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs’ cycle)
