UPSC Notes

Muḥammad ibn Tughluq was the second sultan of the Tughluq dynasty (reigned 1325–51), who briefly extended the rule of the Delhi sultanate of northern India over most of the subcontinent. As a result of misguided administrative actions and unexampled severity toward his opponents, he eventually lost his authority in the south; at the end of […]

The founder of the Tughlaq dynasty was Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq sent his son Juna Khan to fight against Warangal on an expedition into the South that further expanded the Delhi Sultanate into the Deccan Plateau. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty and sultan of India founded the city of Tughlaqabad near Delhi.

He framed regulations to control the nobles. He was convinced that the general prosperity of the nobles, intermarriages between noble families, inefficient spy-system and drinking liquor were the basic reasons for the rebellions. Therefore, he framed many rules to forbid these things. He rigorously enforced them so much so that he punished even his trusted

A little-known fact about the Khalji dynasty is that it marked the zenith of Muslim imperialism in India. Jalaluddin Khalji, the founder of this dynasty, was able to conquer Delhi and establish Muslim rule over north India for the first time. It was founded by Jalal-ud-din Khalji who ruled from 1290 to 1296. The Khilji

Ghiyasuddin Balban rose from obscurity to become the ruler of an extensive empire. He succeeded in establishing his authority and strengthening it so effectively that there was no threat to his rule till the death of Nasiruddin Mahmud. Balban envisioned a powerful and strong empire, free from all internal and external disturbances, and created institutions

She appointed an Abyssinian slave Yakuth as Master of the Royal Horses. Also, Raziya discarded the female apparel and held the couri with her face unveiled. She even went for hunting and led in 1240. Razia Sultan was very wise, an excellent administrator, brave and a warrior like her father. In spite of the fact

A display of the genealogy of Iltutmish would be incomplete without the mention of his forefathers. Iltutmish belonged to the Ilbari tribe and hence his dynasty was named as Ilbari dynasty. He shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi. The meantime, Temujin popularly known as Chengiz Khan, the leader of the Mongols,started invading Central Asia.

Qutbuddin Aibak was the first ruler of the Slave Dynasty. He was a slave of Muhammad Ghori, who made him the Governor of his Indian possessions. He set up his military headquarters at Indraprasta, near Delhi. He raised a standing army and established his hold over north India even during the life time of Ghori.

The slave dynasty was the first Muslim dynasty to rule India. It was founded by Sultan Qutbuddin Aibak. The Slave dynasty was also called Mamluk dynasty. Mamluk was the Quranic term for slave. The Slave dynasty ruled Delhi from A.D. 1206 to 1290. In fact, three dynasties were established during this period. They were Qutbi

Delhi Sultanate was the Muslim empire that ruled over the Indian subcontinent. Although it shares its name with the ‘Empire of Delhi’ it is different in many aspects. Five different dynasties — the Slave, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyids and Lodis — ruled under the Delhi Sultanate. Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: The Mamluk