UPSC Notes

The roots of Hindu Kingdoms are complex with several factors claiming to be the cause of their downfall. It is said that they were tolerant of other religions and different ethnic groups which caused their downfall. However, on close observation, the factors that brought about their decline seem to be more intricate than that. Some […]

Muhammad Ghori lost the first important battle to Prithviraj Chouhan. This Battle of Tarain was fought between the forces of Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chouhan in 1191 A.D. The Hindu rulers prevailed over Muslim Sultan for the first time, which encouraged other Hindu tribes to rise against the Muslim conquerors. To avenge this defeat he

Mahmud Mahmud raided Nagarkot in the Punjab hills and Thaneshwar near Delhi in 1011. In 1018, Mahmud plundered the holy city of Mathura and also attacked Kanauj. In 1024, Mahmud marched from Multan across Rajaputana, defeated the Solanki King Bhimadeva I, plundered Anhilwad and sacked the famous temple of Somanatha. This was his last campaign

Mahmud of Ghazni the first ruler in history to assume the title of “sultan,” founded the Ghaznavid Empire. His title signified that the Muslim Caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan,

Religion Islam was born in Mecca in Arabia. Its founder was Prophet Muhammad. But his teachings made the wealthy people of Mecca his enemies. Muhammad’s position in Mecca became hopeless when his wife Khadija and uncle Abu Talib died in quick succession. In 622 the local rulers of Mecca forced Muhammad and his small band

The death of Mahendrapala and the war of succession was fought, and with the help of the Rashtracuts, Mahipal’s brother-in-law Bhoj II (910-912) took control of Kannauj, although it was for a short time, as soon as the Rashtrakutas went, Mahipal first (912-944 AD). Overthrow the ban of Bhoj II. Take advantage of the temporary

There was no political unity in north India for about five centuries. Palas of Bengal reigned supreme till the Pratiharas became the most powerful rulers of north India. But in the tenth century, the Rashtrakutas of Deccan tried to extend their power in north India but ultimately failed in their attempt. About Rajput Kingdoms The