UPSC Notes

The land of Indians is characterized by great diversity in its physical features. The north has a vast expanse of rugged topography consisting of a series of mountain ranges with varied peaks, beautiful valleys and deep gorges. The North-Western States are hilly along the Himalayas with steep slopes, high altitude plateaus with tableland topography. Over […]

India shares its borders with five countries namely, in the north with the People’s Republic of China, Nepal, and Bhutan; in the east, with Myanmar (Burma), Bangladesh, and Pakistan; in-the West, with Afghanistan and in the south, with the Indian Ocean. India is also bounded by two seas known as Arabian Sea to the west

The Indian Subcontinent is the southern part of Asian continent and is bordered to the north and northeast by the Tibetan Plateau. The boundary is formed by the Himalayas and the cultivated plains of the Punjab and Rajasthan. Indian subcontinent includes the countries — Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. The Himalayas, together with other

India is bounded by the Indian Ocean in the south and the Bay of Bengal in the east. India, extends from Kashmir in the north to Kanniya kumari in the south and Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Gujarat in the west. India’s territorial limit further extends towards the sea upto 12 nautical miles (about

Biodiversity, the sum total of genes, species and ecosystems of life on earth, is the most complex feature of Earth. Identifying it requires recognizing humankind’s role in shaping interactions between all species co-existing within the biosphere. Biodiversity is also essential for ensuring ecosystem services like clean water, pollination and disease prevention. The significance of biodiversity

Biodiversity loss refers to the decline or disappearance of biological diversity, understood as the variety of living things that inhabit the planet, its different levels of biological organisation and their respective genetic variability, as well as the natural patterns present in ecosystems. Tropical regions which occupy only about one-fourth of the total area of the

Biodiversity is a large word for a term describing the rich diversity of life on this planet. Since life began on Earth it has been evolving each species into a more complex form. Life has been able to become so diverse because of the unique adaptations of different species for survival in their environment. This

Agro-biodiversity can be defined as the diversity of crops consumed by humans for their livelihoods. Another term to define agro-biodiversity is ‘agricultural biodiversity. The main reason behind introducing this term is that, the use of biodiversity products in human diet and medicine through cultivation and natural resources is known as agriculture and not simply bio-diversity.

All species provide some kind of function to an ecosystem. They can capture and store energy, produce organic material, decompose organic material, help to cycle water and nutrients throughout the ecosystem, control erosion or pests, fix atmospheric gases, or help regulate climate. Some species even play multiple roles within an ecosystem. Species capture and store

Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth and we human beings, we directly depend on biodiversity to survive. Biodiversity helps to maintain balance in the natural world and prevents living organisms from becoming extinct. It also provides a variety of food and other resources like building materials, medicines and other materials for our use