The Western Ghats region of Kerala has introduced a fascinating new edible tuber species called Dioscorea balakrishnanii. Discovered in the lush evergreen shola forests of Wayanad, this yam is affectionately referred to as “chola kizhangu” by the Kattunayikar tribes. With its low glycemic index and delightful flavor, this species shows great potential for enhancing food security.
Scientific Description
After a decade of careful observation, Dioscorea balakrishnanii was scientifically described, highlighting its unique male and female flowers. Despite its local usage, it had never been documented before.
Significance
This yam thrives solely in the shola forests, a one-of-a-kind ecosystem within the Western Ghats. The Wayanad area boasts an impressive variety of wild yams, with over 23 types across 14 species. These yams play a crucial role in the diets and traditional knowledge of the indigenous Kattunayikar community.
Naming and Recognition
The species is named after Dr V. Balakrishnan, Deputy Superintendent of Police and environmentalist, who pioneered biodiversity research in Wayanad. His work includes documenting edible plants and assisting in biodiversity legislation like the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001. This is the second species named in his honour, denoting his contributions.
Potential for Food Security
Dioscorea balakrishnanii offers potential as a cultivated food crop due to its nutritional qualities and low glycemic index. It could diversify tuber crops and support sustainable agriculture in the region. Its flavour and edibility make it attractive for local and wider consumption.
Implications for Biodiversity Conservation
The discovery puts stress on the rich yet underexplored biodiversity of the Western Ghats. It marks the importance of conserving wild relatives of cultivated plants for ecological balance and food resilience. The ongoing research supports ecosystem preservation and the safeguarding of indigenous knowledge.
Role of Tribal Knowledge
The Kattunayikar tribes have long used chola kizhangu as a food source. Their knowledge was crucial for identifying the species. Preserving tribal languages and traditions is essential for protecting such biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources.
