Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission HPAS Syllabus for Mains 2021

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Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission, known commonly as HPPSC, is a government agency and topmost constitutional body of Government of Himachal Pradesh. Here is a detailed syllabus for HPAS Main Exam Optional Paper Philosophy.

Optional Paper – Philosophy

PAPER-I

Problems of Philosophy – A

Section – I: Indian Philosophy:

1. Carvaka: Theory of Knowledge.
2. Jainism: Theory of Reality, Saptabhanginaya Bondage and Liberation.
3. Buddhism: Pratitysamtpda, Ksanikavda, Nairtmyavda.
4. Smkhya: Prakrit, Purusa, Theory of Causation, Liberation. 5. Nyya-Vaieesika: Theory of Prmna, Self, Liberation, God and Proofs for God's Existence, Categories, Theory of Causation.
5. Mmms: Theory of Knowledge. 7. Vednta: Schools of Vednta, Sankara, Rmunja, (Brahman, svara, tman, Jva, Jagat, My, Avid, Adhysa, Moksa).

Section II: Western Philosophy:

1. Plato: Theory of Ideas.
2. Aristotle: Form, Matter and Causation.
3. Descartes: Cartesian Method and certain knowledge, God, Mind-Body Dualism.
4. Spinoza: Substance.
5. Leibniz: Monads;
6. Locke: theory of knowledge, Rejection of Innate Ideas.
7. Berkeley: Essest Percipii. Hume: Scepticism, Causality.

8. Kant: Distinctions between synthetic and analytic judgments and between a priori and a posteriori judgments, Possibility of Synthetic a priori judgments, Criticism of the Proofs for the Existence of God.
9. Hegel: Dialectical Method, Absolute Idealism.
10. Moore: Defence of common sense, Refutation of idealism,
11. Russell: Logical Atomism: Atomic Facts, Atomic sentences, Logical Constructions and Incomplete Symbols.

12. Logical Positivism: Verification theory and rejection of Metaphysics, (A.J. Ayer).
13. Hussere: Phenomenology:
14. Existentialism: Kierkegaard, Sartre.
15. Strawson: Theory of person.

Section III: Logic (Indian):

Unit-1: Definition and constituents of Anmana in Nyya and Buddhism; nature of Vypti in Nyya.

Unit-II: Inductive elements in Indian Logic: the concepts of vyptigrahopaya, smnya laksana pratyasatti, tarka, updhi-nirsa.

Section IV: Logic (Western):

Unit-I: Categorical Syllogism, Basic rules determining validity of syllogism and fallacies - arising as a result of the violation of those rules; immediate inferences: Conversion, obversion and contraposition.

Unit-II: Elementary notions and principles of truth-functional logic; techniques of symbolization; testing validity/ Invalidity of an argument form by truth-table method; proof construction for the validity of an argument form; statement—forms: tautologous, contradictory, and contingent.

Section-V: Contemporary Indian Philosophy:

(i) Swami Vivekananda: Man, Universal Religion.

(ii) Mahatma Gandhi: Satyagraha, Sarvodaya, Non-violence.

(iii) S. Radha Krishnan: God and Absolute: Intellect and Intuition.

PAPER-II

Problems of Philosophy-B

Section-I: Ethics (Indian):

Unit-I:

1. The law of karma: ethical implications, Brahmaviharas.
2. Sdhrana dharma, Triratnas of Jainism.

Unit-II:

1. Concept of Rna, Varna dharma and asrama-dharma, Yama and Niyama of Yoga.
2. Gita's notion of Svadharma and Lokasangraha; Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga and Jnna Yoga.

Section-II: Ethics (Western):

Unit-I:

1. Nature and Scope of ethics; concepts of right, good and duty.
2. Presuppositions of Morality; Freedom, Determinism and Responsibility.

Unit-II:

1. Theories of Punishment: Deterrent, retributive and reformative theories; theories of relation between individual and society.
2. Normative ethics; Brief outlines of the Ethical Theories of Aristotle, J. Bentham, and J.S. Mill.

Section-III: Philosophy of Religion:

Unit-I: Nature & scope of Philosophy of Religion and its relation with Theology.

Unit-II: Approaches to the study of Religion: Historical, Sociological and Psychological.

Unit-III: Foundation of religious belief: Revelation, Faith and Mysticism.

Unit-IV: Different Theories about God : Deism, Theism and Pentheism.

Unit-V: Immorality of Soul: Proofs. Disproofs. Kinds.

Section-IV: Socio-Political Philosophy:

1. Political Ideals: Equality, Justice, Liberty.
2. Sovereignty (Austin, Laski, Kautilya)
3. Individual and State.
4. Democracy; Concept and forms.
5. Socialism and Marxism.
6. Humanism.
7. Secularism.
8. Gender-Equality.
9. Scientific Temper and Progress.
10. Philosophy of Ecology.

Section-V: Contemporary Western Philosophy:

Unit-I: Issues and problems: sense and reference (G. Frege); definite descriptions (B.

Russell).

Unit-II: Theories of meaning; (L. Wittgenstein and J.L. Austin).

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