TNPSC Mains Syllabus for Optional Subject: Physics
UNIT I
MECHANICS AND RELATIVITY
Gravitation- Kepler’s law- Gravitational constant and their determination variation of 'g' -
Centre of gravity - Centre of gravity of a solid hemisphere - Hollow hemisphere -
Tetrahedron and solid cone - Friction – Lubricants - Laws of friction - Cone of friction - angle of friction - Equilibrium of a body in a inclined plane - Impulse – Impact- Laws of
Impact - Direct and oblique impact - Impact between two spheres - Loss of Kinetic energy – Moment of Inertia - Angular momentum and Kinetic energy of a revolving body
- Moment of inertia of a sphere, shell and cylinder - Compound pendulum - Newton's laws and their limitations - postulates of special theory of relativity – Lorentz transformation equations and its applications - variation of Mass with Velocity - Mass - energy equivalence – Physical significance
UNIT II
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Elastic moduli - Relations - Couple per unit twist - Torsional oscillations - Bending of beams - Uniform and Non uniform bending - Elastic constants and their determinations - Viscosity of liquids - Highly viscous liquids – Stoke’s and Searle’s method- Surface Tension - Capillary rise - Method of drops - Surface tension of mercury - Quincke's Method - Laws of osmotic pressure and experimental determination of osmotic pressure- Fick’s laws of diffusion - Determination of diffusivity – Applications
UNIT III
HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
Specific heat capacity – Determination of specific heat capacity by Newton’s law of cooling- Debye’s theory- Mayer's relation - Vanderwaal's equation – Critical constants and Vanderwaal’s constant - J K effect - Theory and experiment –
Liquefaction of gasses – Hydrogen - Helium - Thermal conductivity - Forbe's method
- Stefan's law - Experimental determination of Stefan’s constant- Solar constant -
Temperature of the sun
Zeroth, first law and second laws of thermodynamics - Isothermal and adiabatic change - Reversible and irreversible process - Carnot's theorem- Carnot engine -
Carnot cycle - Entropy - Maxwell's thermo dynamical relations and its applications -
Third law of thermodynamics
UNIT IV
Sound
Simple harmonic motion - Composition of two SHMs along a straight line and at right angles - Lissajou's figures - Laws of transverse vibrations - verification by sonometer and Melde's string - Forced vibrations and resonance - Beats – Doppler effect - Velocity of sound in solids and gases – Theory and experiment -
Ultrasonics - production, properties and applications - Acoustics of buildings
UNIT V
OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
Spherical aberration - Chromatic aberration and their rectifications – Coma- Eyepiece -
Ramsden's and Huygen's eyepieces - Interference - Colours of thin films - Newton's rings - Theory and experiment - diffraction – Fresnel’s and Fraunhofer types – Zone plate -Diffraction grating – Prism- Grating spectra - dispersive and resolving power of a grating - Double refraction - Huygen's explanation – Nicol’s prism - Quarter and half wave plates - Production and detection of plane, circular and elliptically polarized light - optical activity - Determination of specific rotatory power – Polarimeter
UV and IR Spectroscopy - Principle and application - Raman effect - Explanation of Raman effect on the basis of quantum theory - Applications of Raman effect – Optical fiber - Fiber optic sensors - Fiber optic communication systems and their advantages -
Lasers - Population inversion - Ruby and Helium Neon Lasers and applications
UNIT VI
WAVE MECHANICS
De Broglie concept of wave theory- Wave velocity and group velocity- De Broglie relations – Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle – Basic postulates of wave mechanicsSchrodinger’s Wave equation - Eigen function and Eigen values- Particle in a box –
Linear harmonic oscillator ( one dimension only )
UNIT VII
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Coublom's law - Permitivity of free space - Relative permitivity - Electric field – Intensity of field due to a point charge - Guass theorem and its application - Electric potential -
Relation between potential and intensity - Electric dipole moment - potential and intensity due to a dipole- Capacitance - Capacity of a spherical, parallel and cylindrical capacitors - Energy of a charge capacitor - Dielectric constant - Ohm's law – Resistivity and conductivity - Internal resistance of a cell - EMF and Potential difference - Thermo
Electricity - Peltier and Thomson Co Efficients - Laws of Electrolysis - Conductivity of an electrolyte Arrheinius theory of electrolytic conduction - Calculation of emf of Daneil cell as reversible cell
Magnetic field around a current carrying conductor - Biot and Savart's law - Ampere's law of magnetic force due to a current - Force between two current carrying parallel conductors- Force on an electron moving in a magnetic field - Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction - Self and mutual inductance - Induction coils and its uses -
Eddy currents - Transformers - Energy losses - Skin effect - Advantages of AC distribution over DC - Dynamos and motors -
Magnetic poles - Magnetic moments - Susceptibility - Relation between susceptibility and permeability - Hysteresis - Dia, para, ferro magnetism - Electromagnetic waves in free space.
UNIT VIII
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS
Kirchoff's laws for a loop and a junction - Measurements of circuit parameters (R,L and C) - AC circuits - Complex impedance and phase diagram – LCR Circuits - Series and parallel resonant circuits - Sharpness of resonance q factor.
Semiconductors - Energy band theory of solid - Insulators - Conductors and
Semiconductors - Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors - Electrons and holes as charge carriers - P-type and N-type semiconductors - Junction diodes - Characteristics of a diode - Diode applications - Junction transistors - characteristic of transistors - Rectifier,
Amplifier and oscillator circuits - AM and FM transmission with block diagrams – Basic principles of super heterodyne receiver with block diagram - Photo conductive cell -
Photo diode - Solar cell - LED and LCD - construction and working T.V Camera – Vertical and Horizontal scanning - T.V Transmission and reception with block diagrams - T.V
Antenna (Yogi type) - Colour TV - Three colour theory - Radar - Uses of radar.
Logic circuits - AND, OR, NOT NAND, NOR and EX-OR gates - Truth tables - Multivibrators - Astable multivibrators - Flip flop circuits (RS and JK flip flops)
UNIT IX
MODERN PHYSICS
Canal rays - e/m of positive ions - Thomson's parabola method - Aston's mass spectrograph - Plank's quantum theory of black body radiation - Photoelectric effect - photo electric multipliers - Einstein’s equation for photo electric effect - Millikan's experiment - Determination of Plank's constant.
Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom - Spectra of Hydrogen and Hydrogen like atoms -
Rydberg's constant - Spatial quantization - Sommerfeld atom model – Vector atom model- Seven quantum numbers - Pauli’s exclusion principle - Examples of electronic configuration – Magnetic moment due to orbital motion and electron spin – Bohr magnetron - Experimental verification - Fine structure of sodium D Line – Zeeman effect - Anomalous Zeeman effect - Theoretical explanation
UNIT X
NUCLEAR AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Properties of nucleus - size, charge, mass and spin - Nuclear magnetic dipole moment - Binding energy - Packing fractions - Nuclear forces - Nuclear models -
Shell model and liquid drop model - Nuclear reactions – Radio activity and induced radio activity- Artificial transmutation Techniques - Application of Radio isotopes -
Discovery, Production and detection of neutron - Accelerators - Betatron - Proton
Synchrotron - Particle Detectors - Ionization chamber - GM counter – Elementary particle – Baryons and Leptons – Cosmic rays
Structure of crystals - Periodicity and plane in crystal - Symmetry elements and symmetry groups - Classification of crystals - Unit cell and crystal types Bonding - ionic, covalent, metallic and Vander wall’s- X-rays - Bragg's law and absorption of X rays - Mosley's law - Compton effect
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