Answer: Option [A]The main purpose of including the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution is to establish a welfare State.
Answer: Option [C]Political equality is found in Universal adult suffrage. Political Equality means granting equal citizenship to all members of the state, and also, to ensure conditions that allow the citizens to participate in the affairs of the state. Political equality brings along with it certain rights such as right to vote, right to contest elections, right to criticize the government etc. Political equality is based on the idea of Universal Adult Franchise.
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Answer: Option [A]‘Equality before law’ in India is derived from constitution. Article 14 of the Constitution of India provides for equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. It states: "The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India."
Answer: Option [B]Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution were taken from the Constitution of Ireland. Directive Principles of State Policies are not enforceable in a court of law. India borrowed the DPSP from Irish Constitution of 1937 which itself had borrowed it from Spanish Constitution. Further, the Government of India Act had some “instruments of Instructions” which became the immediate source of DPSP.
Answer: Option [D]The liberal notions of equality is linked to legal and political equality which were invoked in the 18th and 19th centuries to bring rule of law, citizenship, voting rights, etc, considered essential for democracy. However, when demands for equality in other dimensions, namely social and economic, were raised in the 19th century by the workers, Lord Acton, Alex de Tocqueville and others vehemently opposed them. Laissez faire was found incompatible with economic redistribution and so found opposed to economic equality
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